火药绘画配方优化及燃烧行为研究
基金项目:
国家自然科学基金青年项目（No. 52200139）
Optimization of Gunpowder Painting Formulas and Research on Combustion Behavior
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摘要:针对当前火药绘画配方依赖经验传承、燃烧效果重复性差的问题，以氯酸钾、硫磺和碳为主要变量，采用正交实验法系统探究三者配比对燃烧特性及残留痕迹形貌的影响。结果表明，硫磺比例过高导致烟雾量增大，碳比例过高易引起不完全燃烧并形成黄色模糊边缘，氯酸钾比例过高则易引发纸张燃烧。正交实验获得的优化配方为氯酸钾60.61%、硫磺33.33%、碳6.06%，此时燃烧速度适中，残留痕迹呈均匀深褐色。进一步引入高锰酸钾作为助燃剂，调整配方为高锰酸钾5.04%、氯酸钾57.55%、硫磺31.65%、碳5.76%，该配方燃烧速度更快，痕迹清晰且对纸张损伤小，适用于较薄纸张。
Abstract:In order to address the issues of reliance on experiential inheritance and poor reproducibility of combustion effects in current gunpowder painting formulations, potassium chlorate, sulfur, and carbon were used as the main variables and the influence of their ratios on combustion characteristics and residual trace morphology was systematically investigated using orthogonal experimental method. The results indicate that a high proportion of sulfur significantly increases smoke production, a high proportion of carbon leads to incomplete combustion and the formation of yellow, blurred edges, while a high proportion of potassium chlorate tends to cause paper ignition. The optimal formula obtained via orthogonal experiments consists of 60.61% potassium chlorate, 33.33% sulfur and 6.06% carbon. It features a moderate combustion rate and produces uniform dark brown residual marks. Potassium permanganate was further added as a combustion aid, yielding a revised formula of 5.04% potassium permanganate, 57.55% potassium chlorate, 31.65% sulfur and 5.76% carbon. This modified formula delivers a faster combustion rate with distinct marks and minimal damage to paper, and is applicable to relatively thin paper.
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