2, 4, 6-三硝基-3, 5-二氯-苯甲硝胺的合成与热性能研究
基金项目:
基础加强计划技术领域基金（No.2021-JCJQ-JJ-0552）
Synthesis and Thermal Properties Study of 2, 4, 6-Trinitro-3, 5-Dichloro-Nitroaminobenzene
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摘要:为开发新型高能低感含能材料，以3, 5-二氯苯胺为原料，经甲基化反应制得关键中间体3, 5-二氯-2, 4, 6-三甲基苯胺，合成了新型含能化合物2, 4, 6-三硝基-3, 5-二氯苯甲硝胺。采用X射线单晶衍射、红外光谱、核磁共振波谱对该化合物结构进行了表征，利用EXPLO 5.0程序计算了目标产物的爆轰性能，使用卡斯特落锤仪、摆式摩擦感度仪等测试了其机械感度，并通过差示扫描量热仪进行了热分解动力学分析。结果表明：该化合物密度为1.830 g·cm-3，理论爆速为8 771 m·s-1，爆压为35.6 GPa，撞击感度H50为30 cm，摩擦感度为24%，熔点为161 ℃，热分解温度为195 ℃。
Abstract:In order to develop novel energetic materials with high energy and low sensitivity, 3, 5-dichloroaniline was used as the starting material to synthesize the key intermediate 3, 5-dichloro-2, 4, 6-trimethylaniline via methylation reactions, and the novel energetic compound 2, 4, 6-trinitro-3, 5-dichlorobenzamide was obtained. The structure of the compound was characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The detonation performance of the target product was calculated using the EXPLO 5.0 program, while its mechanical sensitivity was tested with a Kastner drop hammer and a pendulum friction sensitivity tester. Additionally, thermal decomposition kinetics were analyzed via differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the compound has a density of 1.830 g·cm-3, a theoretical detonation velocity of 8 771 m·s-1, a detonation pressure of 35.6 GPa, an impact sensitivity H50 of 30 cm, a friction sensitivity of 24%, a melting point of 161 ℃, and a thermal decomposition temperature of 195 ℃.
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