无铅钝感BLG-1半导体桥电点火头黏结剂优选与输出特性研究
Binder Optimization and Output Characteristics of Lead-Free Insensitive BLG-1 Semiconductor Bridge Electric Matchhead
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摘要:为发展高安全、低装药、环境友好的点火技术，本文以BLG-1（溴酸-4,4′-重氮-1,2,4-三唑合铜）为起爆药，半导体桥（SCB）为换能元，Zr/KClO4为点火药，研制了一种钝感半导体桥电点火头。系统评价了酚醛树脂、聚乙烯醇（PVA）和硝化棉3种黏结剂对药剂成型工艺、发火性能及输出威力的影响。结果表明，采用4%硝化棉为黏结剂的体系成型致密、工艺稳定，发火性能最优：最小全发火电流4.83 A，最大不发火电流3.12 A，安全裕度达1.71 A，满足1.2 A/1.44 W持续5 min不发火的安全性要求。该点火头发火延迟＜10 ms，火焰持续时间＞200 ms，能可靠引燃80 mg松装Zr/KClO4并起爆斯蒂芬酸铅。BLG-1装药量仅约1 mg，较传统铅基药剂降低80%以上，在实现高安全性、快速响应的同时，兼具低药剂用量和环境友好优势。
Abstract:A high-safety, low-charge, and environmentally benign electric matchhead was developed using BLG-1 (copper bromate 4,4'-diazido-1,2,4-triazole) as the primary explosive, a semiconductor bridge (SCB) as the energy transducer, and Zr/KClO4 as the ignition composition. The effects of three binders, phenolic resin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and nitrocellulose, on formulation processability, ignition performance, and output characteristics were systematically investigated. Among these binders, the composition bonded with 4% nitrocellulose exhibited the densest morphology and best reproducibility. The corresponding matchhead delivered a minimum all-fire current of 4.83 A and a maximum no-fire current of 3.12 A, yielding a safety margin of 1.71 A and fully satisfying the insensitivity criterion of no ignition under 1.2 A/1.44 W for 5 min. The ignition delay was less than 10 ms, and the flame duration exceeded 200 ms. It reliably ignited 80 mg of loosely packed Zr/KClO4 and successfully initiated fine crystalline lead styphnate. With only 1 mg of BLG-1, an > 80% reduction compared to conventional lead-based primary explosives, the device simultaneously achieves high safety, rapid response, and environmental compatibility.
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