Research on the Propagation Law and Calculation Model of Explosion Shock Wave in Plateau Environment
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摘要:为研究高原地区的低温低压环境对冲击波传播特性的影响，在海拔1 500，3 000，4 500 m环境下开展了TNT爆炸试验，并使用有限元软件对高原环境TNT的爆炸冲击波进行数值仿真计算，分析了不同海拔对冲击波传播特性的影响规律。对比了Sadovskyi，Kinney-Graham和Sachs修正公式的超压峰值和比冲量计算结果与试验结果，并采用Sachs修正中的温度修正项对Sadovskyi高原超压峰值公式进行了修正。研究结果表明：随着海拔的升高，冲击波的波阵面速度加快，到达时间提前，每升高1 km，冲击波超压峰值下降约2%～4%，比冲量下降约4%；对超压峰值进行修正时，3种修正公式均具有一定的准确性；对比冲量进行修正时，Kinney-Graham修正的比冲量值随比例距离增加呈线性降低，与试验结果吻合较差，庞春桥与Sachs的修正结果随比例距离增加呈指数降低；基于温度项修正的Sadovskyi高原冲击波超压峰值经验公式的平均误差减小了3.1%。该研究结果对于高海拔地区的弹药毁伤效能评估有参考意义。
Abstract:In order to study the impact of low-temperature and low-pressure environment on the propagation characteristics of shock waves in plateau areas, TNT explosion tests were conducted at altitudes of 1 500, 3 000, 4 500 m. Finite element software was used to numerically simulate the explosion shock waves of TNT in plateau environments, and the influence of different altitudes on the propagation characteristics of shock waves was analyzed. The calculation results of overpressure peak value and specific impulse of Sadovsky, Kinney-Graham, and Sachs correction formulas were compared with test results, and the temperature correction term in Sachs correction was used to correct the Sadovskyi plateau overpressure peak formula. The results show that as the altitude increases, the front velocity of the shock wave accelerates and the arrival time advances, the overpressure peak value of the shock wave decreases by about 2%～4% and the specific impulse decreases by about 4% every 1 km. As correcting the overpressure peak, all three correction formulas have certain accuracy. In terms of specific impulse correction, Kinney-Graham's corrected specific impulse value linearly decreases with proportional distance increasing, which is in poor agreement with test results, while the correction results for Pang Chunqiao and Sachs show an exponential decrease tendency. The average error of Sadovskyi plateau overpressure peak empirical formula based on temperature correction term is reduced by 3.1%. The research results have certain reference significance for the evaluation of ammunition damage efficiency in high-altitude areas.
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