含双子表面活性剂的新型油相材料制备与性能研究
基金项目:
应用物理化学重点实验室开放课题基金（No.WDYX22614260205）；陕西省自然科学基金项目（No.2023-JC-QN-0119）。
Preparation and Property Study of Novel Oil Phase Materials Containing Gemini Surfactant
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摘要:为了增强乳化炸药的稳定性和爆炸性能，在传统基于失水山梨醇单油酸酯（Span80）和聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺（T154）的复合油相材料中加入阳离子双子表面活性剂18-2-18，设计了一种新型复合油相材料，并以此制备了乳化炸药，测试了复合油相材料主要性能参数，考察了18-2-18含量对乳化炸药的乳胶基质粘度、内相粒径及爆炸性能的影响。结果表明：加入18-2-18的新型复合油相材料的酸值、水分、粘度、滴熔点等指标均达到工业生产标准；与传统复合油相材料相比，新型复合油相材料中的18-2-18含量为0.7 %时，其乳化剂含量从38.0 %降低至23.7 %，降低了复合油相材料的生产成本；乳胶基质内相粒径由4.00 μm减小到1.22 μm，提高了乳胶炸药的稳定性；乳化炸药爆速达到5 042 m?s-1，且20次高低温循环后仍然能够稳定爆轰，爆速为4 512 m?s-1。
Abstract:In order to enhance the stability and explosion property of emulsion explosives, a novel composite oil phase material was designed by adding cationic Gemini surfactant 18-2-18 to the traditional composite oil phase material based on sorbitol monooleate (Span80) and polyisobutylene succinimide (T154), and emulsion explosives were prepared based on this. The main property parameters of the composite oil phase material were tested, and the influence of 18-2-18 content on the emulsion matrix viscosity, inner phase particle size, and explosion property of emulsion explosives was investigated. The results show that the acid value, moisture content, viscosity, and drop melting point of the new composite oil phase material added with 18-2-18 all meet the industrial production standards; Compared with traditional composite oil phase materials, when the content of 18-2-18 in the new composite oil phase materials is 0.7 %, the emulsifier content decreases from 38.0 % to 23.7 %, which reduces the production cost of composite oil phase materials; The inner phase particle size of the emulsion matrix decreases from 4.00 μm to 1.22 μm, which improves the stability of emulsion explosives; The detonation velocity of emulsion explosives reaches 5 042 m?s-1, and after 20 cycles of high and low temperatures, it can still detonate stably, with a detonation velocity of 4 512 m?s-1.
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