Research Progress on Green Pyrotechnic Compositions Abroad
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摘要:梳理了近年来国外绿色起爆药和延期药的研发进展。在起爆药领域，国外重点研究了高氮化合物、高氮金属盐、含能配合物/聚合物，以及基于二硝酰胺铵、氢化钛/高氯酸钾和铝热剂的起爆药。其中，5-硝基四唑铜是最具吸引力的成果之一。美国陆军已在多种引信和雷管平台上验证其取代叠氮化铅、斯蒂芬酸铅的前景，并寻求放大生产途径。在延期药方面，国外的研究重点是寻求可取代Sb/KMnO4中Sb的燃料，以及新型氧化剂，如氧化铋、过氧化钡等。相关研究为现有弹药、引信装备中采用的雷管等火工品绿色化奠定了良好基础。
Abstract:The research and development progress of green primary explosives and delay compositions abroad in recent years has been sorted out. In the field of primary explosives, foreign researches have focused on the study of nitrogen-rich compounds, high-nitrogen salts, energetic complexes/polymer, as well as primary explosives based on ammonium dinitramide, titanium hydride/potassium perchlorate and aluminum thermite. Among them, 5-nitrotetrazole copper is one of the most attractive achievements. The US army has verified its potential to replace lead azide and lead stefanate on various fuse and detonator platforms, and is seeking to scale up production pathways. In terms of delay compositions, foreign researches have focused on seeking fuels that can replace Sb in Sb/KMnO4, as well as new oxidizers, such as bismuth oxide, barium peroxide and so on. The relevant researches have laid a solid foundations for greenization of detonators and other pyrotechnic devices used in existing ammunition and fuse equipment.
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