Simulation and Analysis of Air Short Gap in Needle Plate Electrode Breakdown Process in Electrostatic Spark Sensitivity Instrument
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摘要:为了研究静电火花感度仪中针板电极间隙的击穿特性，根据流注放电理论，建立了流体动力学-化学反应混合模型，对针板电极间隙的击穿放电过程进行了数值模拟。计算表明，在不同的放电初始条件下，流注头部电场强度、流注发展速度、电子平均能量等参数的时空演化表现出明显差异。击穿过程受针电极形状、针板间距、外加电压、气体压强等因素影响并呈现如下规律：减小针电极直径、头部曲率半径或针板间距，以及提高电压，均能增大流注头部电场强度并加快流注发展；增大气体压强，会使流注头部电场强度增大，电子平均能量减小，流注发展减慢。研究结果可以为静电火花感度试验装置的设计提供一定的理论依据。
Abstract:In order to investigate the breakdown characteristics of the needle plate electrode gap in the electrostatic spark sensitivity instrument, a fluid dynamics-chemical reaction hybrid model was established based on the streamer discharge theory, and the breakdown discharge process of the needle plate electrode gap was numerically simulated. The results show that under different initial discharge conditions, the spatiotemporal evolution of parameters such as the electric field strength at the streamer head, the development speed of the streamer, and the average energy of electrons exhibit significant differences. The breakdown process is influenced by factors such as needle electrode shape, needle plate spacing, applied voltage and gas pressure, and follows the rules: reducing the needle electrode diameter, head curvature radius, or needle plate spacing, and increasing the applied voltage, the electric field strength of the streamer head can be enhanced and the development of the streamer can be accelerated; increasing the gas pressure will increase the electric field strength at the head of the streamer, reduce the average energy of electrons, and slow down the development of the streamer. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of the electrostatic spark sensitivity test device.
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