不同装药形态铝粉对装药爆炸能量释放特性的影响研究
基金项目:
国防科技卓越青年科学基金（J-JK-ZQ-2101）
Research on the Influence of Aluminum Powder with Different Charge Structure on the Energy Release Characteristics of Explosive Charge
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摘要:为探究不同装药形态铝粉对装药爆炸能量释放特性的影响，设计并制备了一种外层含铝炸药内层高能炸药的复合装药，通过静爆试验获取了试样爆炸场压力和温度等特征参数，并拍摄试样爆炸火球的演变过程。试验结果表明：相对于常规高能炸药和铝粉均匀分布的含铝炸药，外层含铝炸药内层高能炸药的复合装药有利于增大火球半径，延长火球持续时间；其近场超压峰值略低，在中远距离处冲击波效应得到增强，但因为铝粉后燃反应速率相对较低，增益不明显；通过改变装药结构、改变铝粉分布状态可以调控爆炸能量释放，但外层含铝炸药并没有发生粉尘爆炸，主要以燃烧的形式释能。
Abstract:In order to investigate the influence of aluminum powder with different charge structure on the energy release characteristics of explosive charge, a type of composite charge of aluminized explosive in outer layer and high-energy explosive in inner layer was designed and prepared, the characteristic parameters such as the explosion pressure and temperature of the composite charge were obtained by static explosion test, and the evolution process of the explosive fireballs were photographed. The results show that compared to high-energy explosive and aluminized explosive with uniformly distributed aluminum powder, composite charge of aluminized explosive in outer layer and high-energy explosive in inner layer is beneficial to increase the radius of the explosive fireball and extend the length of time. And the overpressure peak value in the near field is slightly lower, while the shock wave effect in the middle and far field is enhanced simultaneously, but the enhancement effect is not significant because the post combustion reaction rate of aluminum is relatively low. It is feasible to regulate the release of explosive energy by changing the charge structure and aluminum powder distribution, but the outer layer aluminum containing explosive did not experience dust explosion and it mainly releases energy through combustion.
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