面向带药封装的微小型火工品超短脉冲激光智能焊接系统
Intelligent Ultrashort Pulse Laser Welding System for Micro-Small Pyrotechnic Devices in Live-Charge Encapsulation
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摘要:为突破微小型火工品在带药封装过程中的安全性与一致性瓶颈，本文构建了一种基于超短脉冲激光的智能焊接控制系统，实现了低热输入、高精度、高可靠性的焊接封装。通过设计超薄板低热输入焊接接头结构，结合飞秒激光多点同步焊接与定向冷却技术，有效控制药板界面温度在100 ℃以下，确保焊接过程的本质安全。针对异形焊缝定位难题，提出了基于三线结构激光的三维形貌识别方法，并引入卷积神经网络实现焊接参数的自适应迭代优化。进一步，融合声、光、形多模态信号，建立了焊缝成形质量的在线评估模型，实现了焊接缺陷的实时识别与闭环反馈控制。实验结果表明：焊接接头强度系数提升至0.95以上，单件焊接时间缩短至1.2 min，焊接合格率达99%，检测误判率低于5‰。该系统为微小型火工品的自动化、智能化封装提供了可行技术路径。
Abstract:To address the safety and consistency challenges in the encapsulation of micro-scale pyrotechnic devices with embedded energetic materials, this paper presents an intelligent welding control system based on ultrashort pulse laser technology, enabling low heat input, high precision, and high reliability. A low-heat-input welding joint structure was designed, combined with femtosecond laser multi-point synchronous welding and directional cooling technology, to maintain the interface temperature below 100 ℃, ensuring intrinsic safety during welding. To tackle the positioning difficulty of irregular seams, a 3D morphology recognition method using three-line structured laser was proposed, and a convolutional neural network was introduced for adaptive parameter optimization. Furthermore, a multimodal sensing system integrating acoustic, optical, and visual signals was developed to enable real-time weld quality evaluation and closed-loop feedback control. Experimental results show that the joint strength coefficient exceeds 0.95, the single-piece welding time is reduced to 1.2 min, the welding qualification rate reaches 99%, and the detection error rate is less than 5‰. This system provides a viable technical pathway for automated and intelligent encapsulation of micro-scale pyrotechnic devices.
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